Artificial Tutoring Systems: What Computers Can and Can't Know

Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 16, No. 2 (1997) pp. 107–24

Maccia's epistemology of intelligent natural systems implies that computer systems must develop qualitative intelligence before knowledge representation and natural language understanding can be achieved. Emotion and sensation--capabilities which...

Analysis of Patterns in Time: A Method of Recording and Quantifying Temporal Relations in Education

Theodore W. Frick

American Educational Research Journal Vol. 27, No. 1 (1990) pp. 180–204

Analysis of patterns in time (APT) is presented as a method for gathering information about observable phenomena so that probabilities of temporal patterns of events can be estimated empirically. APT is illustrated through a classroom study of 25...

EXSPRT: An Expert Systems Approach to Computer-Based Adaptive Testing

Theodore W. Frick

Expert systems can be used to aid decision making. A computerized adaptive test (CAT) is one kind of expert system, although it is not commonly recognized as such. A new approach, termed EXSPRT, was devised that combines expert systems reasoning and ...

Bayesian Adaptation during Computer-Based Tests and Computer-Guided Practice Exercises

Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 5, No. 1 (1989) pp. 89–114

Demonstrates how Bayesian reasoning can be used to adjust the length of computer-guided practice exercises and computer-based tests to help make mastery or nonmastery decisions. Individualization of instruction is discussed, and the results of an...

A Comparison of an Expert Systems Approach to Computerized Adaptive Testing and an Item Response Theory Model

Theodore W. Frick

Expert systems can be used to aid decisionmaking. A computerized adaptive test is one kind of expert system, although not commonly recognized as such. A new approach, termed EXSPRT, was devised that combines expert systems reasoning and sequential...

An Investigation of the Validity of the Sequential Probability Ratio Test for Mastery Decisions in Criterion-Referenced Testing

Theodore W. Frick

The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), developed by Abraham Wald, is one statistical model available for making mastery decisions during computer-based criterion referenced tests. The predictive validity of the SPRT was empirically...

Computerized Adaptive Mastery Tests as Expert Systems

Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 8, No. 2 (1992) pp. 187–213

Discussion of expert systems and computerized adaptive tests describes two versions of EXSPRT, a new approach that combines uncertain inference in expert systems with sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) stopping rules. Results of two studies...

MOOCs for Research: The Case of the Indiana University Plagiarism Tutorials and Tests

Theodore Frick; Cesur Dagli

Technology, Knowledge and Learning Vol. 21, No. 2 (2016) pp. 255–276

We illustrate a very recent research study that demonstrates the value of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as vehicles for research. We describe the development of the Indiana University Plagiarism Tutorials and Tests (IPTAT). Our new design has...

Instructor and Student Classroom Interactions during Technology Skills Instruction for Facilitating Preservice Teachers' Computer Self-Efficacy

Joyce H. L. Koh; Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 40, No. 2 (2009) pp. 211–228

Technology skills instruction is an important component of educational technology courses, which has been shown to raise pre-service teachers' computer self-efficacy. Computer self-efficacy, in turn, is positively related to their self-efficacy for...

Changes in Student Motivation during Online Learning

Kyong-Jee Kim; Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 44, No. 1 (2011) pp. 1–23

Self-directed e-learning (SDEL) refers to electronic learning environments where there are often no peer learners or instructors regularly available. Past studies suggest that lack of time and lack of motivation are primary causes of learner...

Building a Large, Successful Website Efficiently through Inquiry-Based Design and Content Management Tools

Theodore Frick; Bude Su; Yun-Jo An

TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 49, No. 4 (2005) pp. 20–31

In May 1994, the first website for the School of Education at Indiana University Bloomington (IUB) was launched. At that time, the home page had two links: (1) The Instructional Systems Technology Department; and (2) The IUB home page. A decade...

Computerized Adaptive Testing in Instructional Settings

R Edwin Welch; Theodore W. Frick

Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 41, No. 3 (1993) pp. 47–62

Discusses the use of computerized adaptive testing (CAT) in the classroom. Highlights include item response theory; sequential probability ratio test (SPRT); combining SPRT with expert system reasoning, resulting in EXSPRT; and a study of college...

Anonymity to Promote Peer Feedback: Pre-Service Teachers' Comments in Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication

Craig D. Howard; Andrew F. Barrett; Theodore W. Frick

Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 43, No. 1 (2010) pp. 89–112

In this quasi-experimental case study, we compared five sections of a basic undergraduate technology course. Within an asynchronous web forum, pre-service teachers wrote short critiques of websites designed by their classmates. This peer feedback...

Building a Large, Successful Web Site on a Shoestring: A Decade of Progress

Theodore W. Frick; Bude Su; Yun-Jo An

Annual Meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology 2004 (October 2005)

How did we build a site that has grown to more than 6,000 Web pages and 50 million hits per year--with a few part-time people, with no budget for the first five years, and a minimal budget the next five? We will describe an efficient and effective...

A Design Case: Developing an Enhanced Version of the Diffusion Simulation Game

Miguel Lara; Rodney Myers; Theodore Frick; Sinem Aslan; Theodora Michaelidou

International Journal of Designs for Learning Vol. 1, No. 1 (Oct 24, 2010)

In this paper, we present a design case describing the creation of a new online version of the Diffusion Simulation Game (DSG). The DSG is a serious game that teaches change management strategies aligned with Rogers’ (2003) diffusion of innovations...

Language: English

User-Centered Design and Usability Testing of a Web Site: An Illustrative Case Study

Michael D. Corry; Theodore W. Frick; Lisa Hansen

Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 45, No. 4 (1997) pp. 65–76

Presents an overview of user-centered design and usability testing. Describes a Web site evaluation project at a university, the iterative process of rapid prototyping and usability testing, and how the findings helped to improve the design....

Models and Design Judgment: Conflicting Perspectives on Redesigning a Doctoral Readings Course

Colin Gray; Jiyoon Jung; Carol Watson; Xiaokai Jia; Theodore Frick

International Journal of Designs for Learning Vol. 3, No. 1 (Oct 30, 2012)

The purpose of this project was to document the redesign of an existing doctoral reading course for an online environment. Potential methods for actualizing the proposed course structure in an online environment, including technology tools and...

Language: English

Screen Miniatures as Icons for Backward Navigation in Content-Based Software

Elizabeth Boling; Guoping Ma; Chia-Wen Tao; Cengiz Askun; Tim Green; Theodore Frick; Heike Schaumburg

Selected Research and Development Papers Presented at the National Convention of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology [AECT] 1999 (February 1999)

Users of content-based software programs, including hypertexts and instructional multimedia, rely on the navigation functions provided by the designers of those program. Typical navigation schemes use abstract symbols (arrows) to label basic...

Text Labels for Hypertext Navigation Buttons

Elizabeth Boling; Joanne E. Beriswill; Richard Xaver; Christopher Hebb; Donald Kaufman; Theodore Frick

International Journal of Instructional Media Vol. 25, No. 4 (1998) pp. 407–21

Discussion of navigation buttons in instructional hypermedia programs focuses on a study of college students that investigated the effectiveness of buttons with pictorial representations, buttons with text and pictorial representations, and buttons...

The Process of Systemic Change

Francis M. Duffy; Charles M. Reigeluth; Monica Solomon; Geoffrey Caine; Alison A. Carr-Chellman; Luis Almeida; Theodore Frick; Kenneth Thompson; Joyce Koh; Christopher D. Ryan; Shane DeMars

TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 50, No. 2 (March 2006) pp. 41–51

This paper presents several brief papers about the process of systemic change. These are: (1) Step-Up-To-Excellence: A Protocol for Navigating Whole-System Change in School Districts by Francis M. Duffy; (2) The Guidance System for Transforming...