Search results for author:"Michael Barbour"
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A Snapshot State of the Nation: K-12 Online Learning in Canada
Michael Barbour
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 10, No. 3 (May 27, 2009)
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Lessons learned in researching virtual schools: The Newfoundland and Labrador experience
Michael Barbour
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 8, No. 3 (Dec 05, 2007)
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Today’s Student and Virtual Schooling: The Reality, the Challenges, the Promise…
Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 13, No. 1 (2009) pp. 5–25
In 2008 I was approached to deliver a keynote address at the biennial conference of the Distance Education Association of New Zealand (DEANZ) in Wellington on the topic of today’s student and K–12 distance education.Several months ago,...
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Design of web-based courses for secondary students
Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 9, No. 1 (2005) pp. 27–36
This study considers the perceptions of course developers, teachers, and students on the characteristics of effective Web-based design for secondary school students. Through interviews and document analysis, the views of the participants on Web...
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Real-Time Virtual Teaching: Lessons Learned From a Case Study in a Rural School
Michael Barbour
Online Learning Journal Vol. 19, No. 5 (Nov 23, 2015)
Due to the challenges facing rural schools, many jurisdictions have resorted to the use of virtual school programs to provide curricular opportunities to their students. While the number of virtual schools that rely on synchronous instruction as a...
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Secondary Students' Perceptions of Web-Based Learning
Michael K. Barbour
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 9, No. 4 (2008) pp. 357–371
This article presents the results of a survey study of secondary students' perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics of Web-based learning environments. Data were collected using a modified version of a questionnaire from earlier studies....
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Social Networking in Cyberschooling: Helping to Make Online Learning Less Isolating
Michael Barbour; Cory Plough
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 53, No. 4 (July 2009) pp. 56–60
Online learning at the K-12 level has been growing dramatically over the past decade in the United States and worldwide. Proceeding on a similar trajectory, the use of charter schools as a means to provide education choice in the United States has...
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Principles of Effective Web-Based Content for Secondary School Students: Teacher and Developer Perceptions
Michael K. Barbour
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 21, No. 3 (2007) pp. 93–114
In this article, I describe findings from a study of the perceptions of course developers and electronic teachers on the principles of effective asynchronous web-based content design for secondary school students. Through interviews, participants'...
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Odyssey of the mind: Social networking in a cyberschool
Michael Barbour; Cory Plough
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 13, No. 3 (May 22, 2012) pp. 1–18
K-12 online learning and cyber charter schools have grown at a tremendous rate over the past decade. At the same time, these online programs have struggled to provide the social spaces where students can interact that K-12 schools are traditionally...
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Social Constructivist e-Learning: A Case Study
Michael Barbour; Peter Rich
International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning Vol. 11 (2007)
In this article, the authors considered the use of the software Knowledge Forum to complete a curriculum-based project with students enrolled in asynchronous, Web-based Advanced Placement courses in Canada and the United States. Knowledge Forum is...
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An Examination of Government Policies for E-Learning in New Zealand’s Secondary Schools
Allison Powell; Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 15, No. 1 (2011) pp. 75–89
In 2006 the North American Council for Online Learning surveyed the activity and policy relating to primary and secondary e-learning, which they defined as online learning, in a selection of countries. They found most were embracing e-learning...
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Game design and homemade PowerPoint games: An examination of the justifications and a review of the research
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol. 22, No. 1 (February 2013) pp. 81–108
Research on educational games often focuses on the benefits that playing games has on student achievement. However, there is a growing body of research examining the benefits of having students design games rather than play them. Problems with...
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Design Research Using Game Design as an Instructional Strategy
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour
Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 25, No. 3 (July 2014) pp. 427–448
Using Homemade PowerPoint games as an instructional strategy incorporates elements of game design and constructionism in the classroom using Microsoft PowerPoint, which is ubiquitous in schools today. However, previous research examining the use of ...
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Building Better Courses: Examining the Construct Validity of the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2016) pp. 41–73
In 2011 iNACOL released the second iteration of the National Standards for Quality Online Courses. These standards have been used by numerous institutions and states around the country to help design and create K-12 online courses. However, there...
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Improving the K-12 Online Course Design Review Process: Experts Weigh in on iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 18, No. 3 (May 12, 2017)
Within the K-12 online learning environment there are a variety of standards that designers can utilize when creating online courses. To date, the only research-based standards available are proprietary in manner. As such, many jurisdictions have...
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Redesigning Design: Field Testing a Revised Design Rubric Based of iNACOL Quality Course Standards
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 31, No. 2 (Nov 15, 2016)
Designers have a limited selection of K-12 online course creation standards to choose from that are not blocked behind proprietary or pay walls. For numerous institutions and states, the use of the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online...
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The FarNet journey: Effective teaching strategies for engaging Maori students on the Virtual Learning Network
Michael Barbour; Carolyn Bennett
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 17, No. 1 (2013) pp. 12–23
The Virtual Learning Network (VLN) provides schools, particularly those in rural and remote areas, with the opportunity to cooperate to expand curricular offerings for their students. Each school that participates in a VLN cluster contributes at...
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An Inquiry into Retention and Achievement Differences in Campus Based and Web Based AP Courses
Michael Barbour; Dennis Mulcahy
Rural Educator Vol. 27, No. 3 (2006) pp. 8–12
A decade ago the Advanced Placement (AP) program was introduced into the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Initially, schools embraced this opportunity to provide their students with opportunities that were previously unavailable....
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The Promise and the Reality: Exploring Virtual Schooling in Rural Juristictions
Michael K. Barbour
Education in Rural Australia Vol. 21, No. 1 (2011) pp. 1–19
The history of online learning at the K-12 level is almost as long as its history at the post-secondary level, with the first virtual school programs beginning in the early 1990s. While these opportunities were designed as a way to provide rural...
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Redesigning The iNACOL Standards For K-12 Online Course Design
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 4, No. 3 (December 2018) pp. 233–261
The research presented created a revised K-12 online course design rubric based off the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses. The redesign was completed in three distinct phases, beginning with a literature review of the iNACOL...
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The FarNet journey: Perceptions of Maori students engaged in secondary online learning
Carolyn Bennett; Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 16, No. 1 (2012) pp. 83–98
This case study investigated the perceptions of Maori students in the Virtual Learning Network (VLN) on what constituted effective strategies for engaging them in online learning. The four secondary and five area schools in the FarNet cluster have...
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Portrait of Rural Virtual Schooling
Michael K. Barbour
Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Vol. 59 (Feb 11, 2007) pp. 1–21
Over the past two decades, distance education has become a reality of rural schooling in Newfoundland and Labrador. In this article, I provide historical background into the challenges facing rural schools in the province and how distance education...
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Real-Time Virtual Teaching: Lessons Learned from a Case Study in a Rural School
Michael K. Barbour
Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks Vol. 19, No. 5 (2015) pp. 54–68
Due to the challenges facing rural schools, many jurisdictions have resorted to the use of virtual school programs to provide curricular opportunities to their students. While the number of virtual schools that rely on synchronous instruction as a...
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Student Performance in Virtual Schooling: Looking beyond the Numbers
Michael K. Barbour; Dennis Mulcahy
ERS Spectrum Vol. 27, No. 1 (2009) pp. 23–30
Seven years ago, the Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation (CDLI) began a virtual high school within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. CDLI was designed primarily to provide courses in specialized areas to students in rural...
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Measuring Success: Examining Achievement and Perceptions of Online Advanced Placement Students
Sharon Johnston; Michael K. Barbour
American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 27, No. 1 (2013) pp. 16–28
The purpose of the research was to compare student performance on Advanced Placement (AP) exams from 2009 to 2011 at Florida Virtual School and to explore student perceptions of their online course experience compared with the classroom-based AP...
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U.S. Virtual School Trial Period and Course Completion Policy Study
Abigail Hawkins; Michael K. Barbour
American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 24, No. 1 (2010) pp. 5–20
Variation in policies virtual schools use to calculate course completion and retention rates impacts the comparability of these quality metrics. This study surveyed 159 U.S. virtual schools examining the variability in trial period and course...
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Conferencing--An Exploration into Connectivity, Content and Community
Marc Glassman; Michael K. Barbour
International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning Vol. 8, No. 4 (2004)
The electronic conference, Bits and Bytes: An Online Symposium on the Evolution of Technology in Education, was a joint initiative of the Faculty of Education at Memorial University of Newfoundland and the Centre for Advanced Placement Education at...
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How Are They Doing?: Examining Student Achievement in Virtual Schooling
Michael K. Barbour; Dennis Mulcahy
Education in Rural Australia Vol. 18, No. 2 (2008) pp. 63–74
Six years ago the Centre for Distance Learning and Innovation began a virtual high school within the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Designed primarily to provide courses in specialized areas to students in rural areas, where schools ...
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The Forgotten Teachers in K-12 Online Learning: Examining the Perceptions of Teachers Who Develop K-12 Online Courses
Michael Barbour; David Adelstein; Jonathan Morrison
International Journal of Online Pedagogy and Course Design Vol. 4, No. 3 (July 2014) pp. 18–33
Like many K-12 online learning programs, the Illinois Virtual High School (IVHS) began by utilizing vendor content to populate its online courses. In its fourth year, the IVHS began a concerted effort to design more of its own online course content...
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Virtual Schooling through the Eyes of an At-Risk Student: A Case Study
Michael K. Barbour; Jason P. Siko
European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning Vol. 1 (2011)
While much of the growth in the popularity of virtual schooling has involved at-risk students, little research exists on the experiences of these students in this largely independent setting. This paper describes a case study of an at-risk student...
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It's Not That Tough: Students Speak about Their Online Learning Experiences
Michael K. Barbour; Angelene McLaren; Lin Zhang
Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education Vol. 13, No. 2 (April 2012) pp. 226–241
K-12 online learning is growing in Canada and elsewhere in the world. However, the vast majority of literature is focused on practitioners and not on systematic inquiry. Even the limited published research has largely excluded the perspectives of...
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“Everybody is their own island”: Teacher disconnection in a virtual school
Abigail Hawkins; Michael Barbour; Charles Graham
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr 02, 2012) pp. 124–144
Virtual schooling is a recent phenomenon in K-12 online learning. As such, the roles of the online teachers are emerging and differ from those of the traditional classroom teacher. Using qualitative interviews of eight virtual high school teachers,...
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Building a Better Mousetrap: How Design-Based Research Was Used to Improve Homemade PowerPoint Games
Jason P. Siko; Michael K. Barbour
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 60, No. 5 (2016) pp. 419–424
This paper is a review of a three-cycle, design-based research study that explored the relationship between the pedagogical research and the actual implementation of a game design project using Microsoft PowerPoint. Much of the initial literature on ...
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The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature
Michael K. Barbour; Thomas C. Reeves
Computers & Education Vol. 52, No. 2 (February 2009) pp. 402–416
Virtual schooling was first employed in the mid-1990s and has become a common method of distance education used in K-12 jurisdictions. The most accepted definition of a virtual school is an entity approved by a state or governing body that offers...
Language: English
Topics: Virtual Environments
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Homemade Powerpoint Games: Game Design Pedagogy Aligned to the TPACK Framework
Jason P. Siko; Michael K. Barbour
Computers in the Schools Vol. 29, No. 4 (2012) pp. 339–354
While researchers are examining the role of playing games to learn, others are looking at using game design as an instructional tool. However, game-design software may require additional time to train both teachers and students. In this article, the ...
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Preparing Social Studies Teachers and Librarians for Blended Teaching
Mark Stevens; Jered Borup; Michael K. Barbour
Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 18, No. 4 (December 2018) pp. 648–669
Blended learning has grown rapidly in K-12 schools and is commonly seen as a potential vehicle to make learning more student centered by providing students with some level of control over their learning pace and path. As a result, blended learning...
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Teachers' Perceptions of K-12 Online: Impacting the Design of a Graduate Course Curriculum
Michael K. Barbour; Kelly Unger Harrison
Journal of Educational Technology Systems Vol. 45, No. 1 (2016) pp. 74–92
While K-12 online learning in the United States has increased exponentially, the ability of teacher education programs to adequately prepare teachers to design, deliver, and support has been deficient. A small number of universities have begun to...
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Distributed Learning in British Columbia: A Journey from Correspondence to Online Delivery
Tim Winkelmans; Barry Anderson; Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 14, No. 1 (2010) pp. 6–28
Kindergarten to Year 12 distance education began in Canada in British Columbia, around 1919. This fi rst distance education was by correspondence. Canada’s fi rst online learning also began in British Columbia, about 15 years ago. Distance...
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Research and Practice in K-12 Online Learning: A Review of Open Access Literature
Cathy Cavanaugh; Michael Barbour; Tom Clark
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 10, No. 1 (Feb 23, 2009)
The literature related to online learning programs for K-12 students dates to the mid-1990s and builds upon a century of research and practice from K-12 distance education. While K-12 online learning programs have evolved and grown over the past...
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Primary and Secondary Virtual Learning in New Zealand: Examining the Process of Achieving Maturity
Michael Barbour; Niki Davis; Derek Wenmoth
International Journal on E-Learning Vol. 15, No. 1 (January 2016) pp. 27–45
** Invited as a paper from SITE 2012 ** This paper describes the organisational development of virtual learning in networked rural schools in New Zealand, specifically the obstacles that e-learning clusters of rural schools face in their journey...
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Beyond Jeopardy and Lectures: Using Microsoft PowerPoint as a Game Design Tool to Teach Science
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour; Sacip Toker
Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching Vol. 30, No. 3 (July 2011) pp. 303–320
To date, research involving homemade PowerPoint games as an instructional tool has not shown statistically significant gains in student performance. This paper examines the results of a study comparing the performance of students in a high school...
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The Nature of Online Charter Schools: Evolution and Emerging Concerns
Lisa Hasler Waters; Michael K. Barbour; Michael P. Menchaca
Journal of Educational Technology & Society Vol. 17, No. 4 pp. 379–389
Online charter schools are unique among K-12 online learning options for students. They are full-time, public schools that combine online learning with traditional and home schooling practices. They are often chartered by a state agency, supported...
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Strategies for Instructors on How to Improve Online Groupwork
Myung Hwa Koh; Michael Barbour; Janette R. Hill
Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 43, No. 2 (2010) pp. 183–205
Online groupwork is becoming an increasingly popular instructional strategy. Although researchers have questioned the benefits of groupwork in online learning environments, little empirical research has examined the challenges it presents. The...
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"Everybody Is Their Own Island": Teacher Disconnection in a Virtual School
Abigail Hawkins; Charles R. Graham; Michael K. Barbour
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr 02, 2012) pp. 123–144
Virtual schooling is a recent phenomenon in K-12 online learning. As such, the roles of the online teachers are emerging and differ from those of the traditional classroom teacher. Using qualitative interviews of eight virtual high school teachers,...
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Narratives from the Online Frontier: A K-12 Student's Experience in an Online Learning Environment
Michael Barbour; Jason Siko; JaCinda Sumara; Kaye Simuel-Everage
Qualitative Report Vol. 17 (2012)
Despite a large increase in the number of students enrolled in online courses, published research on student experiences in these environments is minimal. This article reports the narrative analysis of a series of interviews conducted with a female...
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A Newcomer’s Lens: A Look at K-12 Online and Blended Learning in the Journal of Online Learning Research
Min Hu; Karen Arnesen; Michael K. Barbour; Heather Leary
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 5, No. 2 (September 2019) pp. 123–144
In this study, the authors analyzed 51 articles published between 2015 and 2018 inclusive in the Journal of Online Learning Research (JOLR). The purpose of this study was to examine the trends regarding article topics, geography, research methods...
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Continuing Change in a Virtual World: Training and Recruiting Instructors
Michael Barbour; Jim Kinsella; Matthew Wicks; Sacip Toker
Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 17, No. 4 (October 2009) pp. 437–457
The process of teacher identification, selection, initial training, and on-going professional development that has developed at the Illinois Virtual High School (IVHS) over the past seven years is described and discussed in this article. Validation...
Topics: Distance Education, Teachers, Professional Development, eLearning, Mentoring, Teaching Methods
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“Opening” a new kind of school: The story of the Open High School of Utah
DeLaina Tonks; Sarah Weston; David Wiley; Michael Barbour
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 14, No. 1 (Feb 14, 2013) pp. 255–271
The use of online learning at the primary and secondary school level is growing exponentially in the United States. Much of this growth is with full-time online schools, most of which are operated by for-profit companies that use proprietary online...
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Strictly Business: Teacher Perceptions of Interaction in Virtual Schooling
Abigail Hawkins; Michael K. Barbour; Charles R. Graham
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 25, No. 2 (2011)
This study explored the nature of teacher-student interaction from the perspective of eight virtual school teachers in an asynchronous, self-paced, statewide, supplemental virtual high school. Teacher interviews revealed the majority of interactions ...
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Student Perceptions and Preferences for Tertiary Online Courses: Does Prior High School Distance Learning Make a Difference?
Dale Kirby; Michael K. Barbour; Dennis B. Sharpe
American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 26, No. 1 (2012) pp. 34–49
University students who had completed at least one distance education course were surveyed during their first and fourth year of postsecondary studies. When controlled for those who had previous distance education experience in high school, it was...