You are here:

Generic vs. Modality-Specific Competencies for K-12 Online and Blended Teaching
article

, , , Brigham Young University, United States

Journal of Online Learning Research Volume 4, Number 1, ISSN 2374-1473 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC USA

Full Text

Abstract

While there has been research to explore competencies in blended and online learning in K-12 contexts, it is less clear as to what competencies are specific to using an online or digital medium, which competencies refer to blending an in-person learning experience with online experiences, and which competencies are generic, or could be used in any teaching modality. This article explores K-12 online and blended teaching literature and the specifics of what modality (online, in-person, blended, or generic) the competency is carried out. The authors found that much of the literature is still generic, or not specific enough to denote that a teaching competency is carried out in a digital context or otherwise. Further recommendations are made for pre-service teacher education and for further research in K-12 online and blended teaching.

Citation

Pulham, E., Graham, C. & Short, C. (2018). Generic vs. Modality-Specific Competencies for K-12 Online and Blended Teaching. Journal of Online Learning Research, 4(1), 33-52. Waynesville, NC USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved October 4, 2023 from .

© 2018 Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)

References

View References & Citations Map
  1. Anderson, T. (2008). Toward a theory of online learning. In T. Anderson (Ed.), The theory and practice of online learning (2nd ed., pp. 33–60). Edmonton,
  2. Arney, L. (2015). Go blended!: A handbook for blending technology in schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  3. Bakia, M., Anderson, K., Heying, E., Keating, K., & Mislevy, J. (2011). Implementing online learning labs in schools and districts: Lessons from MiamiDade’s first year. Menlo Park, CA: SRI International.
  4. Barbour, M.K., Siko, J., Gross, E., & Waddell, K. (2013). Virtually unprepared: Examining the preparation of K-12 online teachers. In R. Hartshorne, T. Heafner, & T. Petty (Eds.), Teacher education programs and online learning tools: Innovations in teacher preparation (pp. 60-81). Hershey, PA: IGI
  5. Bjeki, D., Krneta, R., & Milo, D. (2010). Teacher education from e-learner to e-teacher: Master curriculum. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 9(1), 202–212.
  6. Brodersen, R.M., & Melluzzo, D. (2017). Summary of research on online and blended learning programs that offer differentiated learning options (REL 2017–228), Washington, D.C. Retrieved from http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs Davidson Smith, R. (2009). Virtual voices: Online teachers’ perceptions of online teaching standards. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 17(4), 547–571.
  7. Davis, N.E., & Niederhauser, D.S. (2007). Virtual schooling. Learning and Leading with Technology, 34(7), 10–15.
  8. Dawley, L., Rice, K., & Hinck, G. (2010). Going virtual! The status of professional development and unique needs of K-12 online teachers. Boise, ID: Boise State University. Retrieved from http://edtech.boisestate.edu/goingvirtual/goingvirtual3.pdf
  9. DiPietro, M., Ferdig, R.E., Black, E.W., & Preston, M. (2008). Best practices in teaching K-12 online: Lessons learned from Michigan Virtual School teachers. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 7(1), 10–35. Retrieved from www.ncolr.org/jiol
  10. Dziuban, C., Graham, C.R., Moskal, P., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: The new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(3). Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5Ferdig,R.E.,Cavanaugh,C.,DiPietro,M.,Black,E., & Dawson, K. (2009). Virtual schooling standards and best practices for teacher education. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 17(4), 479–503.
  11. Fisher, J., Bushko, K., & White, J. (2017). Blended beyond borders: A scan of blended learning obstacles and opportunities in Brazil, Malaysia, & South Africa [White paper]. World Innovation Summit for Education& Christensen Institute. Retrieved from https://www.christenseninstitute.org/wpcontent/uploads/2017/11/BlendedBeyondBorders.pdf
  12. Freidhoff, J.R., Borup, J., Stimson, R., & DeBruler, K. (2015). Documenting and sharing the work of successful on-site mentors. Journal of Online Learning Research, 1(1), 107-128.
  13. Foulger, T.S., Graziano, K.J., Schmidt-Crawford, D. & Slykhuis, D.A. (2017). Teacher educator technology competencies. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 25(4), 413-448. Waynesville, NC: Society for Information Technology& Teacher Education. Retrieved February 14, 2018 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/181966/. Gemin, B., Pape, L., Vashaw, L. & Watson, J. (2015). Keeping pace with k-12 digital learning: An annual review of policy and practice. Retrieved from https://www.evergreenedgroup.com/keeping-pace-reports/
  14. Graham, C.R., Borup, J., Pulham, E., & Larsen, R. (2017). K-12 blended teaching readiness: Phase 1-Instrument development. Lansing, MI: Michigan Virtual University. Retrieved from https://mvlri.org/research/publications/k-12-blended-teaching-readiness-instrument-development/
  15. Halverson, L.R., Graham, C.R., Spring, K.J., & Drysdale, J.S. (2012). An analysis of high impact scholarship and publication trends in blended learning. Distance Education, 33(3), 381-413. Http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2012.723166
  16. Horn, M.B., & Staker, H. (2014). Blended: Using disruptive innovation to improve schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE). (2008). National educational technology standards for teachers. Retrieved from http://www.iste.org/docs/pdfs/nets-t-standards.pdf?sfvrsn=2
  17. International Society for Technology in Education. (2017). ISTE standards for educators. Retrieved from https://www.iste.org/standards/for-educators Kennedy, K., & Archambault, L. (2012). Design and development of field experiences in K-12 online learning environments. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 2(1), 35–49. Retrieved from http://www.jaidpub.org/
  18. Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2010). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of online learning studies. U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/finalreport. Pdf
  19. Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R.F., & Bakia, M. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Record, 115(3), 1–47.
  20. Milrad, M., Spector, J.M., & Davidsen, P.I. (2003). Model facilitated learning. Learning and teaching with technology: Principles and practices, 13-27.
  21. Oliver, W.L. (2014). Oliver’s framework for blended instruction. Retrieved from http://blendedpractice.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Olivers-BlendedFramework-for-Instruction.pdf
  22. Parks, R.A., Oliver, W., & Carson, E. (2016). The status of middle and high school instruction: Examining professional development, social desirability, and teacher readiness for blended pedagogy in the southeastern United States. Journal of Online Learning Research, 2(2), 79–101.
  23. Southern Regional Education Board. (2006). Standards for quality online teaching, SREB’s educational technology cooperative 1–12. Atlanta, GA: Southern Regional Education Board. Retrieved from http://publications.sreb.org/2006/06T02_Standards_Online_Teaching.pdf
  24. Staker, H. (2011). The rise of K-12 blended learning: Profiles of emerging models. Retrieved from https://www.christenseninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/The-rise-of-K-12-blended-learning.emerging-models.pdf
  25. Tucker, C.R. (2012). Blended learning in grades 4-12: Leveraging the power of technology to create student-centered classrooms. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
  26. Watson, J., Murin, A., Vashaw, L., Gemin, B., & Rapp, C. (2011). Keeping pace with K-12 online learning: An annual review of policy and practice. Evergreen Education Group. Retrieved from http://kpk12.com/cms/wp-content/Uploads/KeepingPace2011.pdf

These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.

Suggest Corrections to References

Also Read

Related Collections