
What do instructional designers in higher education really do?
article
Swapna Kumar, Albert Ritzhaupt, University of Florida, United States
International Journal on E-Learning, ISSN 1537-2456 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC USA
Abstract
What do instructional designers in higher education really do? With the rise in online courses and programs in higher education, this question is especially important. We interviewed eight instructional designers from across the United States using a semi-structured interview protocol. The results were analyzed using the constant comparative qualitative procedure. Results demonstrate that instructional designers primarily serve faculty in their roles, but also perceive students as their final audience. Faculty are often both the client and the subject-matter experts in this context. Instructional designers in higher education use a wide variety of tools for a wide variety of purposes ranging from course design to supporting faculty in delivering online courses to facilitating meaningful workshops for faculty. Further, instructional designers in higher education exercise project management techniques to assist in managing the plethora of projects they may be assigned. Our paper concludes with a discussion of our findings and their connection to instructional design practice in higher education contexts.
Citation
Kumar, S. & Ritzhaupt, A. (2017). What do instructional designers in higher education really do?. International Journal on E-Learning, 16(4), 371-393. Waynesville, NC USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved June 8, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/150980/.
© 2017 Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)
References
View References & Citations Map- Allen, I.E., & Seaman, J. (2014). Grade change: Tracking online education in the United States, 2013. Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC.
- Allen, M. (1996). A profile of instructional designers in Australia. Distance Education, 17(1), 7-32.
- Brill, J.M., Bishop, M.J., & Walker, A.E. (2006). The competencies and characteristics required of an effective project manager: A web-based Delphi study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(2), 115-140.
- Campbell, K., Schwier, R.A., & Kenny, R.F. (2009). The critical, relational practice of instructional design in higher education: An emerging model of change agency. Educational Technology Research and Development, 57(5), 645-663.
- Christensen, T.K., & Osguthorpe, R.T. (2004). How do instructional‐design practitioners make instructional‐strategy decisions? Performance Improvement Quarterly, 17(3), 45-65.
- Cox, S., & Osguthorpe, R.T. (2003). How do instructional design professionals spend their time? TechTrends, 47(3), 45-47.
- Ericsson, K.A., & Simon, H.A. (1984). Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data. Boston: MIT Press.
- Fyle, C.O., Moseley, A., & Hayes, N. (2012). Troubled times: The role of instructional design in a modern dual-mode university? Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 27(1), 53-64.
- Gagné, R.M. (1965). The conditions of learning (1st ed.). New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
- Gibby, S., Quiros, O., Demps, E., & Liu, M. (2002). Challenges of being an instructional designer for new media development: A view from the practitioners. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 11(3), 195-219.
- Gill, T.G. & Ritzhaupt, A.D. (2013). Systematically evaluating the effectiveness of an information systems capstone course: Implications for practice. Journal of Information Technology Education, 12, 69 – 94.
- Glaser, B.G. (1965). The Constant Comparative Method of qualitative analysis. Social Problems, 12(4), 436-445.
- Kang, Y. & Ritzhaupt, A.D. (2015). A job announcement analysis of educational technology professional positions: Knowledge, skills, and abilities. Journal of Educational Technology Systems.
- Kenny, R., Zhang, Z., Schwier, R., & Campbell, K. (2005). A review of what instructional designers do: Questions answered and questions not asked. Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology, 31(1), 9-26.
- Kirschner, P., Carr, C., van Merriënboer, J., & Sloep, P. (2002). How expert designers design? Performance Improvement Quarterly, 15(4), 86-104.
- Liu, M., Gibby, S., Quiros, O., & Demps, E. (2002). Challenges of being an instructional designer for new media development: A view from the practitioners. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 11(3), 195-219.
- McDonald, J., & Mayes, T. (2007). The changing role of an instructional designer in the implementation of blended learning at an Australian university. Instructional design: Case studies in communities of practice. Hershey, PA: IGI.
- Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
- Reiser, R.A. (2001). A history of instructional design and technology: Part II: A history of instructional design. Educational technology research and development, 49(2), 57-67.
- Rowland, G. (1992). What do instructional designers actually do? An initial investigation of expert practice. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 5(2), 65-86.
- Ritzhaupt, A.D. & Kumar, S. (2015). Knowledge and skills needed by instructional designers in higher education. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 28(3), 51 – 69.
- Ritzhaupt, A.D. & Martin, F. (2014). Development and validation of the educational technologist multimedia competencies survey. Educational Technology Research and Development, 62(1), 13-33.
- Sims, R.C., & Koszalka, T.A. (2008). Competencies for the new-age instructional designer. Handbook of research on educational communications and technology, 3, 569-575.
- Thach, E.C., & Murphy, K.L. (1995). Competencies for distance education professionals. Educational Technology Research and Development, 43(1), 5779.
- Van Rooij, S.W. (2010). Project management in instructional design: ADDIE is not enough. British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(5), 852-864.
These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.
Suggest Corrections to References