
Beauty Lies in the Eye of the Beholder
ARTICLE
Judith Calder
IRRODL Volume 1, Number 1, ISSN 1492-3831 Publisher: Athabasca University Press
Abstract
Best practice can be defined as that combination of structure, educational technology and content of a learning opportunity, which, in certain contexts and for particular groups of learners, is most likely to achieve the purposes of the main stakeholders. However, the rate of change of technological, political, economic, social and cultural contexts suggests that best practice may become a redundant concept, in that what is judged as best one day may not be so judged the next. This article considers what some significant contributions to the literature on open and distance learning practice have to say about the development and provision of best practice and about the place of critical reflection by stakeholders. It also considers the challenges facing the development of best practice presented by change, concluding with the identification of the most significant areas of development yet to be made.
Citation
Calder, J. (2000). Beauty Lies in the Eye of the Beholder. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 1(1),. Athabasca University Press. Retrieved April 14, 2021 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/49235/.
References
View References & Citations Map- Abdullah, S. (1998). Helping faculty to make a paradigm shift from on-campus teaching to distance education at the Institut Teknologi Mara, Malaysia. In C. Latchem& F. Lockwood (Eds.), Staff Development in Open and Flexible Learning. London: Routledge.
- Argyris, C., & Schon, D.A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reading: Addison Wesley.
- Bates, A.W. (1982). Trends in the use of audio-visual media in distance teaching systems. In J.S. Daniel, M.A. Stroud& J.R. Thompson (Eds.), Learning at a Distance: A World Perspective. Edmonton, AB: Athabasca University and International Council for Correspondence Education.
- Bates, A.W. (1991). Third generation distance education: The challenge of new technology. Research in Distance Education 3 (2), 1015.
- Brookfield, S. (1986). Understanding and facilitating adult learning. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Brown, S., (Ed.).
- Calder, J. & Wijeratne, R. (1999). The approaches to study of distance learners in two cultures: A comparative study. In R. Carr, O. Jegede, W. Tata-meng & Y. Kin-sun. (Eds.), The Asian Distance Learner. (pp. 116-129). Hong
- Cookson, P.S. (1990). Introduction to part two: The Learner, learning, instruction and learner support. In M. Moore (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in American Distance Education. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
- Daniel, J. (1996). Mega-universities and knowledge media: Technology strategies for higher education. London: Kogan Page.
- Dodds, T. (1995). The use of distance learning in non-formal education. London: International Extension College.
- Edwards, R. (1997). Changing places? Flexibility, lifelong learning and a learning society. London: Routledge. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning
- Entwistle, N. (1981). Styles of learning and teaching. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
- Evans, T. (1994). Understanding learners in open and distance education. London: Kogan Page.
- Farnes, N. (1993). Modes of production: Fordism and distance education. Open Learning 8 (1): 10-20.
- Guri-Rozenblitz, S. (1993). Differentiating between distance/open education systems– Parameters for comparison. International Review of Education 39 (4), 287-306.
- Holmberg, B. (1986). Growth and structure of distance education. London: Croom Helm. Inglis, A. (in press). Selecting an integrated electronic learning environment. In F. Lockwood & A. Gooley (Eds.), Innovation in Open and Distance Learning. London: Kogan Page.
- Keegan, D. (1996). Foundations of distance education. London: Routledge.
- Kember, D. (1999). The learning experience of Asian students: A challenge to widely held beliefs. In R. Carr, O. Jegede, W. Tat-meng & Y. Kin-sun (Eds.), The Asian Distance Learner. (pp. 82-99). Hong Kong: The Open
- Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
- Latchem, C. & Lockwood, F. (Eds.) (1998). Staff development in open and flexible learning. London: Routledge.
- Lewis, R. (1986). What is Open Learning? Open Learning 1 (2), 5-10.
- Marchmont, O. (2000). Funding learning: The economics of e-learning. Exeter: University of Exeter.
- Marton, F. & Saljo, R. (1976). On qualitative differences in learning: Outcome and process. British Journal of Educational Psychology 46, 4-11.
- Moore, M. (1990). Introduction: Background and overview of contemporary American distance education. In M. Moore (Ed.), Contemporary Issues in American Distance Education. (pp. Xii-xxvi). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
- Morgan, A. (1993). Improving your students’ learning: Reflections on the experience of study. London: Kogan Page. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning
- Mugadzaweta, J.G. & Benza, T. (1999). Distance education in Zimbabwe. Pan Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning: Empowerment through Knowledge and Technology. Brunei Darussalam: Commonwealth of Learning. (Retrieved June 20, 2000: http://www.col.org/forum/PCFpapers/Mugadzaweta.pdf).
- Murugan, K. (1999). Distance education in the Commonwealth Caribbean: Survival of the fittest. Pan Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning: Empowerment through Knowledge and Technology. Brunei Darussalam: Commonwealth of Learning. (Retrieved June 20, 2000: http://www.col.org/forum/PCFpapers/murugan.pdf).
- Nipper, S. (1989). Third generation distance learning and computer conferencing. In R. Mason& A. Kaye (Eds.), Mindweave: Communication, Computers and Distance Education. (pp. 63-73). Oxford: Pergamon.
- Open University (1973). Report of the Vice-Chancellor 1971. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Pask, G. &. Scott, B.C.E. (1972). Learning strategies and individual competence. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 4, 217-253.
- Peters, O. (1993). Understanding distance education. In K. Harry, M. John& D. Keegan (Eds.). Distance Education: New Perspectives. (pp. 10-18).
- Raggatt, P. (1993). Post-Fordism and distance education– A flexible strategy for change. Open Learning 8 (1), 21-31.
- Richardson, J. (1997). Approaches to studying in distance education: Qualitative and quantitative investigations. Milton Keynes: Open University.
- Robinson, B. (1999). Asian learners, western models: Some discontinuities and issues for distance education. In R. Carr, O. Jegede, W. Tat-meng & Y. Kin-sun (Eds.). The Asian Distance Learner. (pp. 33-48). Hong Kong:
- Rowntree, D. (1992). Exploring open and distance education. London: Kogan Page.
- Rumble, G. (1976). The economics of the Open University of the United Kingdom. Milton Keynes: Open University.
- Rumble, G. (1986). Costing distance education. London: Human Resource Development Group, Commonwealth Secretariat.
- Rumble, G. (1996). Labour market theories and distance education: A response. Open Learning 11 (2), 47-52.
- Rumble, G. (1997). The costs and economics of open and distance learning. London: Kogan Page.
- Simpson, O. (2000). Student support in open and distance learning. London: Kogan Page.
- Smith, P. (2000). Preparing for flexible delivery in industry: Learners and their workplaces. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Deakin University, Australia.
- Tough, A. (1979). The adult’s learning projects. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
- Webberley, R. & Haffenden, A. (1987). Skills training and responsive management. In M. Thorpe& D. Grugeon (Eds.), Open Learning for Adults. (pp. 137-146). London: Routledge.
- Wedermeyer, C.A. (1981). Learning at the back door: Reflections on nontraditional learning in the lifespan. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press. Citation Format Calder, Judith. (2000) Beauty Lies in the Eye of the Beholder. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning: 1, 1. Http://www.icaap.org/iuicode?149.1.1.10 International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning
These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.
Suggest Corrections to ReferencesCited By
View References & Citations Map-
Mapping the open education landscape: citation network analysis of historical open and distance education research
Martin Weller, Katy Jordan, Irwin DeVries & Viv Rolfe
Open Praxis Vol. 10, No. 2 (Apr 20, 2018) pp. 109–126
-
Beauty Lies in the Eye of the Beholder
Judith Calder
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jun 01, 2000)
-
Increased technology provision and learning: Giving more for nothing?
Emmanuelle Quillerou, UMR M_101 AMURE, Ifremer Brest Département d'Economie Maritime, Technopole de Brest-Iroise, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France. Email: emmanuelle_quillerou@yahoo.fr, France
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 12, No. 6 (Sep 22, 2011) pp. 178–197
-
A Model for E-learning Integration
Diane Newton & Allan Ellis, Southern Cross University, Australia
E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2006 (October 2006) pp. 812–819
These links are based on references which have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. If you see a mistake, please contact info@learntechlib.org.