Communal Conflict Versus Education: Experiences of Stakeholders in Ghana’s Bawku Conflict
ARTICLE
Obed Adonteng-Kissi, Department of Social Inquiry, Australia ; Barbara Adonteng-Kissi, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Australia ; Mohammed Kamal Jibril, Institute of Social Studies ; Samuel Kwesi Osei, Department of Environmental Planning, Germany
International Journal of Educational Development Volume 65, Number 1, ISSN 0738-0593 Publisher: Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Notwithstanding the 1992 Constitution of Ghana’s affirmation of the right of every child to free compulsory universal basic education, conflict obstructs basic educational access and outcome in Ghana’s Bawku. This paper examines the impact of communal conflict on basic educational access and outcomes in Bawku. The study employed a qualitative investigation using interviews of key informants on the nature of the Bawku Conflict in the data collection procedure. Evidence of stakeholders indicate that conflict and poverty operate in a simultaneous fashion to impede basic education access and outcome. Authors find evidence of a significant decline in average basic educational access and outcomes with estimated effect on both boys and girls which further suggests that the communal conflict has triggered substantial regional and generational inequalities between Bawku and other parts of the country. The evidence suggests that this finding may be somewhat due to family trade-offs between education on one hand and insurgence activities for boys and work for girls on the other hand.
Citation
Adonteng-Kissi, O., Adonteng-Kissi, B., Kamal Jibril, M. & Osei, S.K. (2019). Communal Conflict Versus Education: Experiences of Stakeholders in Ghana’s Bawku Conflict. International Journal of Educational Development, 65(1), 68-79. Elsevier Ltd. Retrieved March 19, 2024 from https://www.learntechlib.org/p/207606/.
This record was imported from International Journal of Educational Development on March 15, 2019. International Journal of Educational Development is a publication of Elsevier.
Full text is availabe on Science Direct: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.08.002Keywords
References
View References & Citations Map- Adjapawn, Q. (2008). Elusive Peace: Interrogating the Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Northern Region of Ghana (Konkombas and Dagombas). Armidale, New South Wales: University of New England.
- Adonteng-Kissi, O. (2015). ‘Identifying the sources, causes and costs of conflicts in the prestea mining community'. Int. J. Community Dev., 3(4), pp. 64-78.
- Aganah, G. (2008). ‘The Effects of Chieftaincy Conflicts on Local Development: The Case of the Bawku East Municipality'. Norway: University of Tromsø.
- Akbulut-Yuksel, M. (2009). Children of War: The Long-Run Effects of Large-Scale Physical Destruction and Warfare on Children.
- Akresh, R., & De Walque, D. (2008). ‘Armed Conflict and Schooling: Evidence from the 1994 Rwandan Genocide'.
- Alderman, H., Hoddinott, J., & Kinsey, B. (2006). ‘Long term consequences of early childhood malnutrition'. Oxford Econ. Pap., 58(3), pp. 450-474.
- Amidu, A. (2010). The History and Rationalle for a National Architecture for Peace in Ghana and a National Peace Council Bill. Accra: Corporate Design House Ltd..
- Angrist, J.D., & Kugler, A.D. (2008). ‘Rural windfall or a new resource curse? Coca, income, and civil conflict in Colombia'. Rev. Econ. Stat., 90(2), pp. 191-215.
- Appleton, J.V. (1995). ‘Analysing qualitative interview data: addressing issues of validity andreliability'. J. Adv. Nurs., 22(5), pp. 993-997.
- Azuimah, F. (2011). ‘Perception as a Social infrastructure for sustaining the escalation of ethnic conflicts in divided societies in Ghana'. J. Altern. Perspect. Soc. Sci., 3(1), pp. 260-278.
- Berry, S. (2001). Chiefs Know Their Boundaries: Essays on Property, Power, and the Past in Asante1896-1996. Oxford: James Currey.
- Blattman, C., & Annan, J. (2007). ‘The consequences of child soldiering Households in Confl. Netw'. Work. Pap., 22.
- Blattman, C., & Annan, J. (2009). ‘The Consequences of Child SoldieringV Forth (coming in Review of Economics and Statistics'.
- Brück, T., Justino, P., Verwimp, P., & Avdeenko, A. (2010). ‘Identifying conflict and violence in micro-level surveys'.
- Brannelly, L., & Ndaruhutse, S. (2008). ‘INEE Framing Paper: Education Finance in States Affected by Fragility', INEE Policy Roundtable., pp. 27-28.
- Brukum, N.J.K. (2001). The Guinea Fowl, Mango and Pito Wars: Episodes in the History of Northern Ghana, 1980–1999.
- Bryman, A. (2015). Social Research Methods.
- Buckland, P. (2005). Reshaping the Future: Education and Postconflict Reconstruction.
- Bukari, K.N. (2013). ‘Exploring indigenous approaches to conflict resolution: the case of the Bawku conflict in Ghana'. J. Sociol. Res., 4(2), p. 86.
- Burde, D., Kapit, A., Wah, R., Guven, O., & Skarpeteig, M. (2013). ‘Education in emergencies. A Review of Theory and Research', Paper Presented at the Comparative and International Education Society.
- Canagarajah, S., & Pörtner, C. (2003). ‘Evolution of Poverty and Welfare in Ghana in the 1990: Achievements and Challenges'.
- Carter, N., Bryant-Lukosius, D., DiCenso, A., Blythe, J., & Neville, A.J. (2014). ‘The use of triangulation in qualitative research'. Proceedings of the Oncology Nursing Forum, vol. 41.
- Chamarbagwala, R., & Morán, H.E. (2011). ‘The human capital consequences of civil war: evidence from Guatemala'. J. Dev. Econ., 94(1), pp. 41-61.
- Cope, D.G. (2014). ‘Methods and meanings: credibility and trustworthiness of qualitative research'. Proceedings of the Oncology Nursing Forum, vol. 41.
- Crook, R. (1990). ‘State, society and political institutions in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana'. IDS Bull., 21(4), pp. 24-34.
- Dabaleno, A.L., & Paul, S. (2012). Estimating the Causal Effects of War on Education in Côte d’Ivoire.
- Dasgupta, P. (1995). An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution.
- De Walque, D. (2006). ‘The socio-demographic legacy of the Khmer Rouge period in Cambodia'. Popul. Stud., 60(2), pp. 223-231.
- Deininger, K., & Castagnini, R. (2006). ‘Incidence and impact of land conflict in Uganda'. J. Econ. Behav. Organ., 60(3), pp. 321-345.
- Denscombe, M. (2014). The Good Research Guide: for Small-scale Social Research Projects. UK: McGraw-Hill Education.
- Dercon, S. (2004). ‘Growth and shocks: evidence from rural Ethiopia'. J. Dev. Econ., 74(2), pp. 309-329.
- DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B.F. (2006). ‘The qualitative research interview'. Med. Educ., 40(4), pp. 314-321.
- Draper, A., & Swift, J.A. (2011). ‘Qualitative research in nutrition and dietetics: data collection issues'. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet, 24(1), pp. 3-12.
- Duryea, S., Lam, D., & Levison, D. (2007). ‘Effects of economic shocks on children's employment and schooling in Brazil'. J. Dev. Econ., 84(1), pp. 188-214.
- Ferris, E., & Winthrop, R. (2010). ‘Education and displacement: assessing conditions for refugees and internally displaced persons affected by conflict. Background Paper for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2011. The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education.
- GSS (2000). Poverty Trends in Ghana in the 1990. Accra: Ghana Statistical Services.
- GSS (2002). 2000 Population and Housing Census: Summary Report of Final Results. Accra: Ghana Statistical Services.
- GSS/ILO. (2003). Ghana Child Labour Survey, International Programme on the Elimination of Child labour (IPEC). Retrieved from Accra, Ghana: www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/download.do?type=document&id=690.
- GSS. (2012). 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) Summary Report of Final Results, Ghana Statistical Service. Retrieved from P.O. Box GP 1098 Accra, Ghana: www.statsghana.gov.gh/.
- Galadima, H. (2006). ‘Peace support operations in Africa'. Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa: A Reader, pp. 295-328. Ibadan: Spectrum Books.
- Gates, S., Hegre, H., Nygård, H., & Strand, H. (2012). Development consequences of armed conflict'. World Dev., 40(9), pp. 1713-1722.
- Goudie, A., & Neyapti, B. (1999). Development Centre Studies Conflict and Growth in Africa Southern Africa Volume 3: Southern Africa. Development Centre Studies Conflict and Growth in Africa Southern Africa Volume 3: Southern Africa, vol. 3.
- Graham-Brown, S. (1991). Education in the Developing World: Conflict and Crisis.
- Greenberg, J. (1994). ‘Building Peace in Palestinian Schools'.
- Guimbert, S., Miwa, K., & Nguyen, D.T. (2008). ‘Back to school in Afghanistan: determinants of school enrollment'. Int. J. Educ. Dev., 28(4), pp. 419-434.
- Gyan, C., Mabefam, M.G., & Baffoe, M. (2014). ‘Push Out or Drop Out? Taking a critical look at the poor performance and drop-out of students of the JSS/JHS Programme in Ghana'. Acad. J. Interdiscip. Stud., 3(1), p. 409.
- HSR (2012). Human Security Report 2012: Sexual Violence, Education, and War: Beyond the Mainstream Narrative. Vancouver: Human Security Press.
- Hashim, I. (2007). ‘Independent child migration and education in Ghana'. Dev. Change, 38(5), pp. 911-931.
- IBRD (2005). Le Système éducatif De La république démocratique Du Congo: Priorités Et Alternatives (No. 68). Washington, DC: World Bank, Africa Region.
- Ichino, A., & Winter-Ebmer, R. (2004). ‘The long-run educational cost of world war II'. J. Labor Econ., 22(1), pp. 57-87.
- Justino, P., Leone, M., & Salardi, P. (2011). ‘Education and conflict recovery: the case of Timor Leste'. IDS Work. Pap., 2011(381), pp. 1-50.
- Justino, P. (2012). ‘War and poverty'. IDS Work. Pap., 2012(391), pp. 1-29.
- Kendie, S., & Akudugu, M. (2010). ‘Application of game theory in the management of Qnatural resources conflicts: the case of the Bongo District'. Paper Presented at the 2010 Harmattan School Series.
- Kingma, K. (2016). Demobilization in Subsaharan Africa: The Development and Security Impacts.
- Lai, B., & Thyne, C. (2007). ‘The effect of civil war on education, 1980—97'. J. Peace Res., 44(3), pp. 277-292.
- Laube, W., Schraven, B., & Awo, M. (2012). ‘Smallholder adaptation to climate change: dynamics and limits in Northern Ghana'. Clim. Change, 111(3–4), pp. 753-774.
- Lewin, K.M. (2007). ‘Improving Access, Equity and Transitions in Education: Creating a Research Agenda'.
- Lund, C. (2003). ”Bawku is still volatile’: Ethno-political conflict and state recognition in northern Ghana'. J. Mod. Afr. Stud., 41(04), pp. 587-610.
- MOE (2000). Ministère de l’Education Nationale. L’evaluation de m’éducation pour tous –bilan a l’an 2000, Rapport des Pays –Burundi, EFA 2000, mid-decade assesments.
- Maccini, S.L., & Yang, D. (2009). Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-life Rainfall.
- Mansory, A. (2007). ‘Dropout Study in Basic Education Level of Schools in Afghanistan'. Kabul: Swedish Committee for Afghanistan.
- Merrouche, O. (2006). The Human Capital Cost of Landmine Contamination in Cambodia.
- Obura, A. (2008). Staying Power: Struggling to Reconstruct Education in Burundi Since 1993.
- Ormston, R., Spencer, L., Barnard, M., & Snape, D. (2014). ‘The Foundations of Qualitative Research', Qualitative Research Practice. A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers.
- Quinn, J.M., Mason, T.D., & Gurses, M. (2007). ‘Sustaining the peace: determinants of civil war recurrence'. Int. Interact., 33(2), pp. 167-193.
- Richards, L. (2014). Handling Qualitative Data: A Practical Guide.
- Roberts, A. (1999). ‘The role of humanitarian issues in international politics in the 1990'. Rev. Int. Croix-Rouge/Int. Rev. Red Cross, 81(833), pp. 19-43.
- Rodriguez, C., & Sanchez, F. (2012). ‘Armed conflict exposure, human capital investments, and child labor: evidence from Colombia'. Def. Peace Econ., 23(2), pp. 161-184.
- Ruckenstein, M. (2014). ‘Visualized and interacted life: personal analytics and engagements with data doubles'. Societies, 4(1), pp. 68-84.
- Sany, J. (2010). Education and Conflict in Côte D'Ivoire.
- Save-the-Children (2009). Children Out of School and Conflict-Affected Fragile States (C.A.F.S.): Save the Children.
- Shemyakina, O. (2011). ‘The effect of armed conflict on accumulation of schooling: results from Tajikistan’. J. Dev. Econ., 95(2), pp. 186-200.
- Shields, R., & Paulson, J. (2015). ”Development in reverse’? A longitudinal analysis of armed conflict, fragility and school enrolment'. Comp. Educ., 51(2), pp. 212-230.
- Skalník, P. (2002). The State and Local Ethnopolitical Identities: The Case of Community Conflicts in Northern Ghana.
- Swee, E.L. (2009). On War and Schooling Attainment: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2010). Sage Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research.
- Tonah, S. (2012). ‘The politicisation of a chieftaincy conflict: the case of Dagbon, Northern Ghana'. Nordic J. Afr. Stud., 21(1), pp. 1-20.
- UNDP (2002). East Timor Human Development Report 2002. The Way Ahead. New York: UNDP.
- UNESCO (2000). The Dakar Framework for Action. Education for All: Meeting Our Collective Commitments, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Viewed January 2, 2017. Available online: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001211/121147e.pdf.
- UNESCO (2004). ‘Who Are Excluded and Why? ', Paper Presented at the Education for All Week 19–25 April, 2004, Viewed January 02, 2017. Available online: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/leading-the-international-agenda/education-for-all.
- UNESCO (2010). Education for All: Global Monitoring Report, the Quantitative Impact of Armed Conflict on Education.
- UNESCO (2011). The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education.
- UNESCO (2011). ‘The Influence of Education on Conflict and Peace Building, Background Paper Prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011 The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education. Paris: UNESCO.
- UNICEF (2001). East Timorese Children Involved in Armed Conflict: Case Studies Report, October 2000-February 2001. Dili, East Timor: UNICEF.
- UNICEF (2005). Humanitarian Action, Côte d’Ivoire Summary, 2005. Abidjan: UNICEF.
- UNOCHA (2004). Fighting in Côte d’Ivoire Jeopardizes Humanitarian Aid, UNOCHA Viewed 13th October, 2016. Available online: http://reliefweb.int.
- Voors, M.J., Nillesen, E.E., Verwimp, P., Bulte, E.H., Lensink, R., & Van Soest, D.P. (2012). ‘Violent conflict and behavior: a field experiment in Burundi'. Am. Econ. Rev., 102(2), pp. 941-964.
- Weiss, H. (2005). ‘Contested historical and geographical narratives: succession disputes, contested land ownership and religious conflicts in northern Ghana'. Work. Pap. Ghana: Hist. Contemp. Stud., 6, pp. 1-18.
These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.
Suggest Corrections to References