You are here:

Hardware Versus Brainware: Where Are Technology Dollars Being Invested?
Article

, The City University of New York, United States ; , Dowling College, United States

Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Volume 9, Number 3, ISSN 1059-7069 Publisher: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education, Waynesville, NC USA

Full Text

Abstract

The literature suggests that technology is the promise for transforming teaching and learning. However, investment in classroom computers and online capabilities significantly surpasses investment in intellectual capital. The purpose of this study was to identify large regional public school districts' funding patterns for technology, hardware, and professional development. Educators' interest and confidence levels regarding the use of hardware, software and telecommunications were also studied. Results indicated that a discrepancy exits between major capital investments versus intellectual capital. It is suggested that a paradigm shift is required in investment from hardware to brainware. Yet, recalling that the Red Queen in "Alice in Wonderland" routinely believed five impossible things before breakfast, we may pause to ponder whether one of them might be the technology revolution in education. After all, where is it? (Salomon & Perkins, 1996)

Citation

Farenga, S.J. & Joyce, B.A. (2001). Hardware Versus Brainware: Where Are Technology Dollars Being Invested?. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 9(3), 313-319. Norfolk, VA: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education. Retrieved July 3, 2022 from .

© 2001 Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education

Keywords

References

View References & Citations Map
  1. Becker, H.J. (1993). Instructional computer use: Findings from a national survey of school and teacher practices. The Computing Teacher, 20(1), 6-7.
  2. Bruder, I. (1993). Technology in the USA: An educational perspective. Electronic Learning, 13(2), 20-25, 27-28.
  3. Ciolli, R. (2000, February 20). From the homeroom to the homepages. Newsday, A7, A62-63.
  4. Delcourt, M.A.B., & Kinzie, M.B. (1993). Computer technologies in teacher education: The measurement of attitudes and self-efficacy. Journal Hardware versus Brainware 319
  5. Farenga, S.J., & Joyce, B.J. (1996, November). Procedural knowledge teaching model: Effects of short-term Internet training of preservice teachers. Paper presented at the 31st annual conference of the New York State Association for Computers and Technologies in Education.
  6. Gallo, M.A., & Horton, P.B. (1994). Assessing the effect on high school teachers of direct and indirect access to the Internet: A case study of an East Central Florida high school. Educational Technology Research and Development, 42(4), 17-39.
  7. Hawkins, J., & Macmillan, K. (1993). So, what are teachers doing with this stuff? Electronic Learning, 13(2), 26.
  8. Honey, M., & Henriquez, A. (1993). Telecommunications and K-12 educators: Findings from a national survey. New York: Center for Technology in Education, Bank Street College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 359 923)
  9. Hunt, N.P., & Bohlin, R.M. (1993). Teacher education students’ attitudes toward using computers. Journal of Research on Computing Education, 25(4), 487-497.
  10. Joyce, B.A., & Farenga, S.J. (1997). Global Assessment of Technology in Education Scale (GATE). (ERIC/IT Document Reproduction Service No. ED 412 920)
  11. Knapp, L.H., & Glenn, A.D. (1996). Restructuring schools with technology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  12. Means, B. (Ed.) (1994). Technology and education reform: The reality behind the promise. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  13. Morrison, G.R., Lowther, D.L., & DeMeulle, L. (1999). Integrating computer technology into the classroom. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  14. National Center for Education Statistics (1999). Digest of Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  15. Office of Technology Assessment. (1995). Teachers and technology: Making the connection. Washington, DC: Author.
  16. Peck, K.L., & Dorricot, D. (1994). Why we use technology? Educational Leadership, 51(7), 11-14.
  17. Putnam, R.T., & Borko, H. (2000). What do new views of knowledge and thinking have to say about research on teacher learning? Educational Researcher, 29(1), 4-15.
  18. Roblyer, M.D., Edwards, J., & Havriluk, M.A. (1997). Integrating educational technology into teaching. NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  19. Salomon, G., & Perkins, D. (1996). Learning in wonderland: What do computers really offer education? In S.T. Kerr (Eds.), Technology and the future of schooling (pp. 111-130). Chicago: The University of Chicago.
  20. Siegel, J. (1995). The state of teacher training. Electronic Learning, 14(8), 43-53.
  21. Simonson, M.R., & Thompson, A. (1990). Educational computing foundations. New York: Macmillan.

These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.

Suggest Corrections to References

Cited By

View References & Citations Map

These links are based on references which have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. If you see a mistake, please contact info@learntechlib.org.