Search results for author:"Michael Barbour"
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Michael Barbour
Sacred Heart University
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A Snapshot State of the Nation: K-12 Online Learning in Canada
Michael Barbour
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 10, No. 3 (May 27, 2009)
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Lessons learned in researching virtual schools: The Newfoundland and Labrador experience
Michael Barbour
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 8, No. 3 (Dec 05, 2007)
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Today’s Student and Virtual Schooling: The Reality, the Challenges, the Promise…
Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 13, No. 1 (2009) pp. 5–25
In 2008 I was approached to deliver a keynote address at the biennial conference of the Distance Education Association of New Zealand (DEANZ) in Wellington on the topic of today’s student and K–12 distance education.Several months ago,...
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US and International K-12 Online Learning: How Have They Developed Differently?
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2015 (Mar 02, 2015) pp. 1446–1453
Many involved with the practice or study of K-12 online and blended learning are familiar with the American context. It surrounds us in the media and published research. However, online and blended learning is occurring in meaningful ways to...
Topics: Virtual Schooling, Secondary Education
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Design of web-based courses for secondary students
Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 9, No. 1 (2005) pp. 27–36
This study considers the perceptions of course developers, teachers, and students on the characteristics of effective Web-based design for secondary school students. Through interviews and document analysis, the views of the participants on Web...
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Perspectives on E-Learning: Development and Challenges of K-12 Online Learning
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 310–315
Distance education has been around for well over a century. Unknown to many, educators in the K-12 environment have been using distance education for almost as long. The same is true of e-learning, as K-12 educators have been utilizing e-learning...
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Multiple Roles of the Teacher in the K-12 Online Learning Environment: Cautions for Teacher Education
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2014 (Mar 17, 2014) pp. 1521–1526
While the use of online learning at the K-12 level of growing exponentially, the availability of empirical evidence to help guide this growth is severely lacking. This proposal provides a systematic review of K-12 online learning literature related...
Topics: Virtual Schooling
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The Disconnect Between Policy and Research: Examining the Research into Full-Time K-12 Online Learning
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2015 (Mar 02, 2015) pp. 1438–1445
While there has been some improvement in what is known about supplemental K-12 online learning, there continues to be a lack of evidence to guide the practice of full-time K-12 online learning. This paper concludes that despite considerable...
Topics: Virtual Schooling
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The Promise and the Reality: Exploring the Research on Virtual Schooling
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 3433–3442
The first web-based distance education programs at the K-12 began in the early 1990s. Unlike distance education and online learning in general, much less is known about virtual schooling – even less of which is based on systematic research. What is...
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K-12 Online Learning and the Diffusion of the Teacher
Michael Barbour
E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2013 (Oct 21, 2013) pp. 1737–1741
While the use of online learning at the K-12 level of growing exponentially, the availability of empirical evidence to help guide this growth is severely lacking. This proposal provides a systematic review of K-12 online learning literature related...
Topics: research
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Innovative Public Education or Glorified Homeschooling: Funding Full-Time K-12 Online Learning
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2015 (Mar 02, 2015) pp. 1435–1437
While there has been some improvement in what is known about supplemental K-12 online learning, there continues to be a lack of evidence to guide the practice of full-time K-12 online learning. This paper examines the literature and research into...
Topics: Virtual Schooling
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What are they doing and how are they doing it? Rural student experiences in virtual schooling
Michael Barbour
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2008 (Nov 17, 2008) pp. 2496–2503
This qualitative study examined the nature of virtual schooling in Newfoundland and Labrador secondary education, specifically the learning experience for students and the kinds of support and assistance most frequently used and most valued by...
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Introducing In-Service Teachers to Virtual Schooling through the Lens of the Three Teacher Roles
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 3425–3432
This study will examine the third and fourth rounds of data collection from an action research project designed to help in-service teachers become better virtual school facilitators (currently being analyzed). The data included blog entries and...
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Examining the Research Related to the Changing Role of the Teacher in the K-12 Online Environment
Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2013 (Mar 25, 2013) pp. 4097–4101
While the use of online learning at the K-12 level of growing exponentially, the availability of empirical evidence to help guide this growth is severely lacking. This proposal provides a systematic review of K-12 online learning literature related...
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Real-Time Virtual Teaching: Lessons Learned From a Case Study in a Rural School
Michael Barbour
Online Learning Journal Vol. 19, No. 5 (Nov 23, 2015)
Due to the challenges facing rural schools, many jurisdictions have resorted to the use of virtual school programs to provide curricular opportunities to their students. While the number of virtual schools that rely on synchronous instruction as a...
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Promoting Failure: Examining Policies Related to K-12 Online Schools
Michael Barbour
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2013 (Oct 21, 2013) pp. 1629–1633
The use of online learning at the K-12 level has been growing exponentially over the past decade, and much of that growth has been driven by legislative changes designed to allow for more full-time cyber charter schools. While limited, the research...
Topics: Policy Issues, research
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Some Observations on Student Use of Electronic Communications in Second-Year Biology Courses
Michael Collins; Michael Barbour
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2001 (2001) pp. 309–310
This paper considers the student use of electronic communications in two second-year university Biology courses. Over a three-year period, student contributions to a Web-based discussion forum, an e-mail list serve, and e-mail directly to the...
Topics: Students, Distance Education, Communication
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Online Writing as a Form of Electronic Communication in a Second Year Biology Course
Michael Barbour; Michael Collins
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2003 (2003) pp. 1491–1494
This paper considers student use of an online discussion forum in a second year Biology course and how that participation may be an indicator of increased student success in the course. The authors discuss how participation in the online discussion ...
Topics: Students
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Online Writing as a Form of Electronic Communication in a Second Year Biology Course
Michael Collins; Michael Barbour
E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2002 (2002) pp. 2544–2545
This paper considers student use of an online discussion forum in a second year Biology course and how that participation may be an indicator of increased student success in the course. The authors discuss how participation in the online discussion ...
Topics: Students
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Secondary Students' Perceptions of Web-Based Learning
Michael K. Barbour
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 9, No. 4 (2008) pp. 357–371
This article presents the results of a survey study of secondary students' perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics of Web-based learning environments. Data were collected using a modified version of a questionnaire from earlier studies....
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"I need a green axe": Video Games and Your Social Studies Classroom
Mark Evans; Michael Barbour
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2007 (Oct 15, 2007) pp. 781–786
Today's students are natives of technology more than ever before. Along with being natives of the digital world, students are also avid video game players in a way that the previous generation was avid television viewers. There is a movement in some ...
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Social Networking in Cyberschooling: Helping to Make Online Learning Less Isolating
Michael Barbour; Cory Plough
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 53, No. 4 (July 2009) pp. 56–60
Online learning at the K-12 level has been growing dramatically over the past decade in the United States and worldwide. Proceeding on a similar trajectory, the use of charter schools as a means to provide education choice in the United States has...
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Challenging Teachers’ Preconceptions, Misconceptions, and Concerns of Virtual Schooling
Michael Barbour; Kelly Unger
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 785–790
This study examined the perceptions of graduate students in an instructional technology course related to K-12 online learning based upon their completion of the Teacher Education Goes into Virtual Schooling (TEGIVS) curriculum. The TEGIVS program...
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Developing Teachers’ Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge in Mathematics
Drew Polly; Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 4128–4131
Technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) has been adopted as a framework to help describe the various components of knowledge that are associated with teachers’ effective integration of technology. This study describes the influence...
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Making Sense of Video Games: Pre-Service Teachers Struggle with This New Medium
Mark Evans; Michael Barbour
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2007 (Oct 15, 2007) pp. 2496–2501
This next generation of students have had exposure to digital media far more than any previous generation, particularly video games. Almost daily, news outlets report the latest news on the evils of video games, how much children are playing video...
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Principles of Effective Web-Based Content for Secondary School Students: Teacher and Developer Perceptions
Michael K. Barbour
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 21, No. 3 (2007) pp. 93–114
In this article, I describe findings from a study of the perceptions of course developers and electronic teachers on the principles of effective asynchronous web-based content design for secondary school students. Through interviews, participants'...
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Odyssey of the mind: Social networking in a cyberschool
Michael Barbour; Cory Plough
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning Vol. 13, No. 3 (May 22, 2012) pp. 1–18
K-12 online learning and cyber charter schools have grown at a tremendous rate over the past decade. At the same time, these online programs have struggled to provide the social spaces where students can interact that K-12 schools are traditionally...
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Social Constructivist e-Learning: A Case Study
Michael Barbour; Peter Rich
International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning Vol. 11 (2007)
In this article, the authors considered the use of the software Knowledge Forum to complete a curriculum-based project with students enrolled in asynchronous, Web-based Advanced Placement courses in Canada and the United States. Knowledge Forum is...
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Beyond volunteerism and good will: Examining the commitment of school-based teachers to distance education
Michael Barbour; Dennis Mulcahy
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2009 (Mar 02, 2009) pp. 779–784
Two decades ago Newfoundland and Labrador introduced distance education in the K-12 environment. The program focused upon providing advanced-level courses to rural school students, and worked largely due to the widely known, but rarely documented...
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An Examination of Government Policies for E-Learning in New Zealand’s Secondary Schools
Allison Powell; Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 15, No. 1 (2011) pp. 75–89
In 2006 the North American Council for Online Learning surveyed the activity and policy relating to primary and secondary e-learning, which they defined as online learning, in a selection of countries. They found most were embracing e-learning...
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Game design and homemade PowerPoint games: An examination of the justifications and a review of the research
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour
Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Vol. 22, No. 1 (February 2013) pp. 81–108
Research on educational games often focuses on the benefits that playing games has on student achievement. However, there is a growing body of research examining the benefits of having students design games rather than play them. Problems with...
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Design Research Using Game Design as an Instructional Strategy
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour
Journal of Interactive Learning Research Vol. 25, No. 3 (July 2014) pp. 427–448
Using Homemade PowerPoint games as an instructional strategy incorporates elements of game design and constructionism in the classroom using Microsoft PowerPoint, which is ubiquitous in schools today. However, previous research examining the use of ...
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Evaluation and Approval Constructs For K-12 Online and Blended Courses and Providers
Michael Barbour; Tom Clark
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2016 (Mar 21, 2016) pp. 816–824
Public Act 60 (2013) of the Michigan Legislature tasked Michigan Virtual University, through its Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute, to “research, develop, and recommend annually to the department criteria by which cyber schools and online ...
Topics: K-12 Online Learning
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Building Better Courses: Examining the Construct Validity of the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 1 (April 2016) pp. 41–73
In 2011 iNACOL released the second iteration of the National Standards for Quality Online Courses. These standards have been used by numerous institutions and states around the country to help design and create K-12 online courses. However, there...
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Examining the Validity of the iNACOL Standards: Improving K-12 Online Course Design
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2018 (Mar 26, 2018) pp. 641–657
The research presented created a revised K-12 online course design rubric based off the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL) National Standards for Quality Online Courses The redesign was completed in three distinct phases,...
Topics: K-12 Online Learning
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Improving the K-12 Online Course Design Review Process: Experts Weigh in on iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 18, No. 3 (May 12, 2017)
Within the K-12 online learning environment there are a variety of standards that designers can utilize when creating online courses. To date, the only research-based standards available are proprietary in manner. As such, many jurisdictions have...
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The Impact of the Virtual Schooling Curriculum on Preparing In-Service Teachers for the Roles as Virtual School Facilitators
Michael Barbour; Kelly Unger
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 2905–2912
This study examined the second round of data collection from an action research project designed to help in-service teachers become better virtual school facilitators. The data included blog entries and comments from five of the seven graduate...
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Redesigning Design: Field Testing a Revised Design Rubric Based of iNACOL Quality Course Standards
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 31, No. 2 (Nov 15, 2016)
Designers have a limited selection of K-12 online course creation standards to choose from that are not blocked behind proprietary or pay walls. For numerous institutions and states, the use of the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online...
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The FarNet journey: Effective teaching strategies for engaging Maori students on the Virtual Learning Network
Michael Barbour; Carolyn Bennett
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 17, No. 1 (2013) pp. 12–23
The Virtual Learning Network (VLN) provides schools, particularly those in rural and remote areas, with the opportunity to cooperate to expand curricular offerings for their students. Each school that participates in a VLN cluster contributes at...
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Cases of Quality: Case Studies of the Approval and Evaluation of K-12 Online and Blended Providers
Michael Barbour; Tom Clark
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2016 (Mar 21, 2016) pp. 809–815
Michigan Public Act 60 (2013) tasked Michigan Virtual University, through its Michigan Virtual Learning Research Institute, to “research, develop, and recommend annually to the department criteria by which cyber schools and online course providers...
Topics: K-12 Online Learning
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Online Advanced Placement Advantage: Examining Online Achievement and Perceptions
Michael Barbour; Sharon Johnston
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2013 (Oct 21, 2013) pp. 1742–1751
In 1997 Florida Virtual School (FLVS) began an online high school within Florida, designed initially to provide courses in specialized areas (e.g., Advanced Placement [AP]), to students in rural areas where schools had difficulty in finding and...
Topics: research
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Web 2.0 Tools for Instructing In-service Teachers on Virtual Schooling in K-12 Educational Settings
Kelly Unger; Michael Barbour
World Conference on Educational Media and Technology 2010 (Jun 29, 2010) pp. 3939–3947
This proposal examines a graduate level course designed to help prepare teachers to support students engaged in online learning at the K-12 level. The course objective is to provide K-12 in-service teachers the foundations and knowledge-base of...
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An Inquiry into Retention and Achievement Differences in Campus Based and Web Based AP Courses
Michael Barbour; Dennis Mulcahy
Rural Educator Vol. 27, No. 3 (2006) pp. 8–12
A decade ago the Advanced Placement (AP) program was introduced into the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Initially, schools embraced this opportunity to provide their students with opportunities that were previously unavailable....
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Learning Styles and Student Performance in an e-Learning Environment
Michael Barbour; Morris Cooze
World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2003 (2003) pp. 871–874
As e-learning begins to proliferate into secondary schools and is opened up to learners of all abilities, it is important that the effects different learning styles have upon how online instruction is provided are taken into consideration. In this...
Topics: Students, Secondary Education, Schools
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The uses and value of Internet discussion groups in a post-secondary environment
Michael Kristopher Barbour
(2002) pp. 1–187
This thesis considers computer-mediated communications through a case study of a select group of Usenet newsgroups at Carleton University during the Fall of 1999 and the Winter of 2000. At the time that the data were collected for this thesis,...
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The Promise and the Reality: Exploring Virtual Schooling in Rural Juristictions
Michael K. Barbour
Education in Rural Australia Vol. 21, No. 1 (2011) pp. 1–19
The history of online learning at the K-12 level is almost as long as its history at the post-secondary level, with the first virtual school programs beginning in the early 1990s. While these opportunities were designed as a way to provide rural...
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Tracing International Differences in Online Learning Development: An Examination of Government Policies in New Zealand
Allison Powell; Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 783–790
In 2006 the North American Council for Online Learning surveyed the activity and policy relating to primary and secondary e-learning, which they defined as online learning, in a selection of countries. They found most were embracing e-learning...
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Redesigning The iNACOL Standards For K-12 Online Course Design
David Adelstein; Michael Barbour
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 4, No. 3 (December 2018) pp. 233–261
The research presented created a revised K-12 online course design rubric based off the iNACOL National Standards for Quality Online Courses. The redesign was completed in three distinct phases, beginning with a literature review of the iNACOL...
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The FarNet journey: Perceptions of Maori students engaged in secondary online learning
Carolyn Bennett; Michael Barbour
Journal of Open, Flexible, and Distance Learning Vol. 16, No. 1 (2012) pp. 83–98
This case study investigated the perceptions of Maori students in the Virtual Learning Network (VLN) on what constituted effective strategies for engaging them in online learning. The four secondary and five area schools in the FarNet cluster have...
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Design Research Using Game Design as an Instructional Strategy
Jason Siko; Michael Barbour
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (Mar 05, 2012) pp. 2631–2637
Game design as an instructional tool can be expensive and time-consuming, as new software requires not only capital outlay but also training for teachers and students. Therefore, researchers have looked at low-tech design platforms to accomplish...