You are here:

Emotional Responses to Computers: Experiences in Unfairness, Anger, and Spite
Article

, University of Florida, United States ; , Michigan State University, United States

Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Volume 13, Number 2, ISSN 1055-8896 Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Waynesville, NC USA

Full Text

Abstract

Although some educational technology theorists and researchers view technology as a set of neutral tools, recent theoretical and empirical work has begun to examine technology as a social actor in relationships with humans. Drawing on recent research on people's psychological responses to interactive media, this study looked at people's emotional responses to computers when they felt that the computer had cheated them. Specifically we looked at whether people would act spitefully towards a computer (by attempting to punish it) when treated unfairly in an ultimatum bargaining game. Our findings suggest humans do treat machines as social actors, enter into psychological contracts with them, and act spitefully after feeling betrayed. We end with a discussion on implications for the design of educational software.

Citation

Ferdig, R.E. & Mishra, P. (2004). Emotional Responses to Computers: Experiences in Unfairness, Anger, and Spite. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 13(2), 143-161. Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved March 22, 2023 from .

© 2004 Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE)

Keywords

References

View References & Citations Map
  1. Akande , A. (1996). Treating anger: The m isunders tood emotion in children. Early Child Development and Care, 132 , 75-91
  2. Aube, M. (1997). Toward computational models of motivation: A much needed foundation for social sciences and education. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8(1), 43-75.
  3. Bates, J. (1994). The role of emotion in believable agents. Communications of the ACM, 37(7) , 122-125.
  4. Cawsey, A. (1989). Explanatory dialogues. Interacting with Computers, 1, 69-92. Epstein, J.H. (1998). Computers with emotions. The Futurist, 32 (3) , 12. Ferdig, R.E. , & Weiland, S. (2002). A deeper psychology of technology: A case study of a girl and her eMate. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 10(3) , 423-430.
  5. Ferrari, G. (1986). Man machine interaction in natural language: Computational models for dialogue. Current Psychological Research andRe views, 163-174.
  6. Laurel , B . (1997) . Compu ters as thea tre . Reading , MA: Addison-Wesley .
  7. Maes, P. (1997). Intelligent software. Proceedings of IUI ’97: International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, (pp. 41-43).
  8. Nadis, S.J. (1997). Saying it with feeling. MIT’s Technology Review, 100, 11-12.
  9. Picard , R.W. (1997). Affective computing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Media Lab.
  10. Pfeiffer, R. (1988). Artificial intelligence models of emotion. In V. Hamilton, G.H. Bower, & N H. Frijda (Eds.) , Cognitive perspectives on emotion and motivation (pp. 287-320). Amsterdam: Kluwer.
  11. Turkle, S. (1984). The second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon& Schuster.

These references have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. Signed in users can suggest corrections to these mistakes.

Suggest Corrections to References

Cited By

View References & Citations Map

These links are based on references which have been extracted automatically and may have some errors. If you see a mistake, please contact info@learntechlib.org.