Search results for author:"Charles R Graham"
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Theoretical considerations for understanding technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)
Charles R. Graham
Computers & Education Vol. 57, No. 3 (November 2011) pp. 1953–1960
The technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework is increasing in use by educational technology researchers around the world who are interested in issues related to technology integration. Much that is good can be found in the TPACK ...
Language: English
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Factors for Effective Learning Groups in Face-to-Face and Virtual Environments
Charles R. Graham
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 3, No. 3 (2002) pp. 307–19
Reviews the literature related to creating effective learning groups in face-to-face and virtual environments for distance education using research from cooperative learning, computer-mediated communication, organizational development, and group...
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Comparing K-12 Online and Blended Teaching Competencies: A Literature Review
Emily Pulham; Charles R. Graham
Distance Education Vol. 39, No. 3 (2018) pp. 411–432
This article presents a synthesis of reports and research on K-12 blended teaching competencies compared with K-12 online teaching competencies. The skills needed to teach in online and blended environments are distinct from traditional teaching,...
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Benefits and Challenges of Using Live Modeling to Help Preservice Teachers Transfer Technology Integration Principles
Richard E. West; Charles R. Graham
Journal of Computing in Teacher Education Vol. 23, No. 4 (2007) pp. 131–141
One method underutilized in training teachers to use technology is to use live modeling sessions. This study qualitatively investigates how the use of modeling sessions impacted students. In this study we found that modeling was perceived by most...
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Faculty Perceptions of Technology Projects
Whitney Ransom; Charles R. Graham; Jon Mott
Educause Quarterly Vol. 30, No. 4 (2007) pp. 22–28
The Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL), formerly the Center for Instructional Design at Brigham Young University (BYU), partners with faculty to help improve teaching and learning. The CTL currently supports a broad range of faculty projects to...
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Thematic Patterns in International Blended Learning Literature, Research, Practices, and Terminology
Kristian J. Spring; Charles R. Graham
Online Learning Vol. 21, No. 4 (2017) pp. 337–361
The goal of this research was to discover and compare themes of the top blended learning (BL) articles from seven different regions of the world. Top cited articles in BL from these regions show strong similarities in research processes, practice,...
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Development of Teaching and Technology Integration: Focus on Pedagogy
Nancy Wentworth; Charles R. Graham; Tonya Tripp
Computers in the Schools Vol. 25, No. 1 (July 2008) pp. 64–80
The development, implementation, review, and subsequent revision of a capstone assignment during teacher education candidates' field experience and the assignments-related rubric was based on research that points teacher education programs to give...
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The Use of Asynchronous Video Communication to Improve Instructor Immediacy and Social Presence in an Online Course
Jered Borup; Charles R. Graham; Andrea Velasquez
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 337–344
In this paper we share our experiences with using asynchronous video communications to increase teacher immediacy and social presence during a technology integration course for pre-service teachers. We describe three cases where asynchronous video...
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Caring in a Technology-Mediated Online High School Context
Andrea Velasquez; Charles R. Graham; Richard Osguthorpe
Distance Education Vol. 34, No. 1 (2013) pp. 97–118
The objective of this study was to describe how caring is experienced in the technology-mediated context of the Open High School in Utah, an online charter high school. Two female teachers, two male students, and two female students were interviewed ...
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Institutional drivers and barriers to faculty adoption of blended learning in higher education
Wendy W. Porter; Charles R. Graham
British Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 47, No. 4 (July 2016) pp. 748–762
Relatively little research on blended learning (BL) addresses institutional adoption, although such research would benefit institutions of higher education in strategically adopting and implementing BL. In a prior study, the authors proposed a...
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The decision-making processes of preservice teachers as they integrate technology
Charles R. Graham; Nicolette Burgoyne; Jered Borup
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 3826–3832
The TPACK framework is being used increasingly as teachers and preservice teachers plan how to integrate technology into their lesson plans. Several researchers have been examining teacher reflections on the benefits of using technology from data...
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Common Practices for Evaluating Post-Secondary Online Instructors
Jonathan E. Thomas; Charles R. Graham
Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration Vol. 20, No. 4 (2017)
This literature review explores current post-secondary practices for evaluating online instructors. As enrollment of students in online courses has steadily increased over the last few decades, instructor evaluation has lagged behind. Through a...
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Assessing and Improving Technology Integration Skills for Preservice Teachers Using the Teacher Work Sample
Charles R. Graham; Tonya Tripp; Nancy Wentworth
Journal of Educational Computing Research Vol. 41, No. 1 (2009) pp. 39–62
This study explores the efforts at Brigham Young University to improve preservice candidates' technology integration using the Teacher Work Sample (TWS) as an assessment tool. Baseline data that was analyzed from 95 TWSs indicated that students were ...
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The Validation of an Instrument Measuring TPACK
Nicolette Burgoyne; Charles R. Graham; Richard Sudweeks
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2010 (Mar 29, 2010) pp. 3787–3794
The TPACK framework is becoming increasingly pervasive in teacher education. Researchers and practitioners have been seeking reliable and valid ways to measure the constructs associated with the TPACK framework. This paper describes the development...
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Blended Learning Environments: Definitions and Directions
Russell T. Osguthorpe; Charles R. Graham
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) pp. 227–33
This discussion of blended learning environments covers: (1) background; (2) why the term "blended" is used, and what can be blended; (3) goals of blended learning environments, including pedagogical richness, access to knowledge, social interaction,...
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Measuring student engagement in technology-mediated learning: A review
Curtis R. Henrie; Lisa R. Halverson; Charles R. Graham
Computers & Education Vol. 90, No. 1 (2015) pp. 36–53
Using digital technology to deliver content, connect learners, and enable anytime, anywhere learning is increasing, but keeping students engaged in technology-mediated learning is challenging. Instructional practices that encourage greater...
Language: English
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Exploring the Potential of LMS Log Data as a Proxy Measure of Student Engagement
Curtis R. Henrie; Robert Bodily; Ross Larsen; Charles R. Graham
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 30, No. 2 (2018) pp. 344–362
This study examines the relationship between log data of student activity in learning management systems and self-reported student engagement survey scores. Log data has the potential to serve as a meaningful proxy for survey scores. Should this be...
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Current Practices of Online Instructor Evaluation in Higher Education
Jonathan E. Thomas; Charles R. Graham; Anthony A. Piña
Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration Vol. 21, No. 2 (2018)
As enrollment of students in online courses has steadily increased over the last few decades, very little attention has been given to online instructor evaluation. This is an area of online education that needs additional research to better...
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A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education
Charles R. Graham; Wendy Woodfield; J. Buckley Harrison
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 18, No. 1 (July 2013) pp. 4–14
There has been rapid growth in blended learning implementation and research focused on course-level issues such as improved learning outcomes, but very limited research focused on institutional policy and adoption issues. More institutional-level...
Language: English
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The Nature of Parental Interactions in an Online Charter School
Jered Borup; Charles R. Graham; Randall S. Davies
American Journal of Distance Education Vol. 27, No. 1 (2013) pp. 40–55
A belief commonly held in the K-12 education community is that parents can have a positive impact on their child's learning. However, little research has examined parental involvement in an online learning environment. In this study, researchers...
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Strictly business: Teacher perceptions of interaction in virtual schooling
Abby Hawkins; Michael K. Barbour; Charles R. Graham
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 1520–1523
This study explored the nature of teacher-student interaction from the perspective of eight virtual school teachers in an asynchronous, self-paced, statewide, supplemental virtual high school. Teacher interviews revealed the majority of interactions ...
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Examining the Impact of Video Feedback on Instructor Social Presence in Blended Courses
Jered Borup; Richard E. West; Rebecca Thomas; Charles R. Graham
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 15, No. 3 (Jun 16, 2014) pp. 232–256
This mixed method research examined instructors' use of video feedback and its impact on instructor social presence in 12 blended sections of three preservice educational technology courses. An independent samples t-test was conducted and found ...
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Reflections from the Introduction of Blogs and RSS Feeds into a Preservice Instructional Technology Course
Richard E. West; Geoff Wright; Bruce Gabbitas; Charles R. Graham
TechTrends: Linking Research and Practice to Improve Learning Vol. 50, No. 4 (August 2006) pp. 54–60
Reflection and professional development are two key practices that characterize an effective teacher and that are frequently overlooked in preservice training (Bowles, 2003; Halen-Faber, 1997; Patrick & Reinhartz, 1999). Reflection can be defined as ...
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The nature of teacher engagement at an online high school
Jered Borup; Charles R. Graham; Jeffery S. Drysdale
British Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 45, No. 5 (Sep 16, 2014) pp. 793–806
Little research has examined the critical components of successful K-12 online schools, due in part to the theoretical focus of current frameworks on higher education rather than characteristics of K-12 online learners and environments. Using K-12...
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The Design, Development, and Implementation of Student-Facing Learning Analytics Dashboards
Robert Bodily; Tarah K. Ikahihifo; Benjamin Mackley; Charles R. Graham
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Vol. 30, No. 3 (2018) pp. 572–598
We have designed, developed, and implemented a student-facing learning analytics dashboard in order to support students as they learn in online environments. There are two separate dashboards in our system: a content recommender dashboard and a...
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Cultural Competence and Instructional Design: Exploration Research into the Delivery of Online Instruction Cross-Culturally
P Clint Rogers; Charles R. Graham; Clifford T. Mayes
Educational Technology Research and Development Vol. 55, No. 2 (April 2007) pp. 197–217
The amount of resources being poured by Western universities, companies, and governments into creating educational content to be exported (via the Internet) to other cultures is astounding. Those assigned to accomplish this task are left with the...
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"Everybody Is Their Own Island": Teacher Disconnection in a Virtual School
Abigail Hawkins; Charles R. Graham; Michael K. Barbour
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 13, No. 2 (Apr 02, 2012) pp. 123–144
Virtual schooling is a recent phenomenon in K-12 online learning. As such, the roles of the online teachers are emerging and differ from those of the traditional classroom teacher. Using qualitative interviews of eight virtual high school teachers,...
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The PICRAT Model for Technology Integration in Teacher Preparation
Royce Kimmons; Charles R. Graham; Richard E. West
Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 20, No. 1 (March 2020) pp. 176–198
Technology integration models are theoretical constructs that guide researchers, educators, and other stakeholders in conceptualizing the messy, complex, and unstructured phenomenon of technology integration. Building on critiques and theoretical...
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The Influence of Asynchronous Video Communication on Learner Social Presence: A Narrative Analysis of Four Cases
Jered Borup; Richard E. West; Charles R. Graham
Distance Education Vol. 34, No. 1 (2013) pp. 48–63
Online courses are increasingly using asynchronous video communication. However, little is known about how asynchronous video communication influences students' communication patterns. This study presents four narratives of students with varying...
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Strictly Business: Teacher Perceptions of Interaction in Virtual Schooling
Abigail Hawkins; Michael K. Barbour; Charles R. Graham
The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l'ducation Distance Vol. 25, No. 2 (2011)
This study explored the nature of teacher-student interaction from the perspective of eight virtual school teachers in an asynchronous, self-paced, statewide, supplemental virtual high school. Teacher interviews revealed the majority of interactions ...
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“Everybody is their own island”: Teacher disconnection in a virtual school
Abigail Hawkins; Michael K. Barbour; Charles R. Graham
Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2011 (Mar 07, 2011) pp. 1524–1528
Virtual schooling is a recent phenomenon in K-12 online learning. As such, the roles of the online teachers are emerging and differ from those of the traditional classroom teacher. Using qualitative interviews of eight virtual high school teachers,...
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Improving online social presence through asynchronous video
Jered Borup; Richard E. West; Charles R. Graham
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 15, No. 3 (June 2012) pp. 195–203
Online learning has become a reality for many students in higher education. Unfortunately, something that has also become a reality is a sense of isolation in online courses, and Moore (1980) has warned that students' sense of distance can threaten...
Language: English
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Investigating student engagement in blended learning settings using experience sampling and structural equation modeling
Kristine C. Manwaring; Ross Larsen; Charles R. Graham; Curtis R. Henrie; Lisa R. Halverson
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 35, No. 1 (October 2017) pp. 21–33
We investigated activity-level student engagement in blended learning classes at the university level. We used intensive longitudinal methodology to collect activity level engagement data throughout a semester for 68 students enrolled in six blended ...
Language: English
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A thematic analysis of the most highly cited scholarship in the first decade of blended learning research
Lisa R. Halverson; Charles R. Graham; Kristian J. Spring; Jeffery S. Drysdale; Curtis R. Henrie
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 20, No. 1 (January 2014) pp. 20–34
Blended learning, which combines face-to-face and online learning modalities, is a heterogeneous and steadily developing area of design and inquiry. With the expansion and maturation of blended learning research, voices enter the conversation in...
Language: English
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An analysis of research trends in dissertations and theses studying blended learning
Jeffery S. Drysdale; Charles R. Graham; Kristian J. Spring; Lisa R. Halverson
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 17, No. 1 (April 2013) pp. 90–100
This article analyzes the research of 205 doctoral dissertations and masters' theses in the domain of blended learning. A summary of trends regarding the growth and context of blended learning research is presented. Methodological trends are...
Language: English
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Experiences with Personalized Learning in a Blended Teaching Course for Preservice Teachers
Karen T. Arnesen; Charles R. Graham; Cecil R. Short; Douglas Archibald
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 5, No. 3 (December 2019) pp. 275–310
Abstract: In this study, we explored the experiences of preservice teachers as they learned about and experienced personalized learning in a one-credit hour class designed to introduce students to four core competencies of K-12 blended contexts:...
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Online Student Perceptions of the Need for a Proximate Community of Engagement at an Independent Study Program
Darin R. Oviatt; Charles R. Graham; Jered Borup; Randall S. Davies
Journal of Online Learning Research Vol. 2, No. 4 (2016) pp. 333–365
Research suggests that collaborative learning designs for online courses which require interaction with teachers and peers promotes engagement and learning. K-12 students seek supplemental online courses to meet graduation requirements and desire...
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Supporting Students During COVID-19: Developing and Leveraging Academic Communities of Engagement in a Time of Crisis
Jered Borup; Michelle Jensen; Leanna Archambault; Cecil R. Short; Charles R. Graham
Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 28, No. 2 (2020) pp. 161–169
As school closures require educators to transition to remote teaching, relevant models for supporting students are necessary. This article discusses Academic Communities of Engagement (ACE), a framework identifying two communities to help support...
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An Analysis of High Impact Scholarship and Publication Trends in Blended Learning
Lisa R. Halverson; Charles R. Graham; Kristian J. Spring; Jeffery S. Drysdale
Distance Education Vol. 33, No. 3 (2012) pp. 381–413
Blended learning is a diverse and expanding area of design and inquiry that combines face-to-face and online modalities. As blended learning research matures, numerous voices enter the conversation. This study begins the search for the center of...
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Blended learning in higher education: Institutional adoption and implementation
Wendy W. Porter; Charles R. Graham; Kristian A. Spring; Kyle R. Welch
Computers & Education Vol. 75, No. 1 (June 2014) pp. 185–195
Relatively little of the current research on blended learning (BL) addresses institutional adoption issues. Additional research is needed to guide institutions of higher education in strategically adopting and implementing blended learning on campus....
Language: English
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Academic Performance, Course Completion Rates, and Student Perception of the Quality and Frequency of Interaction in a Virtual High School
Abigail Hawkins; Charles R. Graham; Richard R. Sudweeks; Michael K. Barbour
Distance Education Vol. 34, No. 1 (2013) pp. 64–83
This study examined the relationship between students' perceptions of teacher-student interaction and academic performance at an asynchronous, self-paced, statewide virtual high school. Academic performance was measured by grade awarded and course...
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Online Student Use of a Proximate Community of Engagement in an Independent Study Program
Darin R. Oviatt; Charles R. Graham; Randall S. Davies; Jered Borup
Online Learning Vol. 22, No. 1 (2018) pp. 223–251
Research has suggested that independent study students in online courses may benefit from engaging with a proximate community of engagement (PCE) and that students perceive that such engagement will help them succeed. Independent Study students were ...
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Exploring Intensive Longitudinal Measures of Student Engagement in Blended Learning
Curtis R. Henrie; Robert Bodily; Kristine C. Manwaring; Charles R. Graham
The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning Vol. 16, No. 3 (Jun 19, 2015) pp. 131–155
In this exploratory study we used an intensive longitudinal approach to measure student engagement in a blended educational technology course, collecting both self-report and observational data. The self-report measure included a simple survey of...
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The Adolescent Community of Engagement Framework: A Lens for Research on K-12 Online Learning
Jered Borup; Richard E. West; Charles R. Graham; Randall S. Davies
Journal of Technology and Teacher Education Vol. 22, No. 1 (January 2014) pp. 107–129
This paper describes the Adolescent Community of Engagement (ACE) framework as a lens to guide research and design in adolescent online learning environments. Several online learning frameworks have emerged from higher education contexts, but these ...
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A qualitative analysis of institutional drivers and barriers to blended learning adoption in higher education
Wendy W. Porter; Charles R. Graham; Robert G. Bodily; Daniel S. Sandberg
Internet and Higher Education Vol. 28, No. 1 (January 2016) pp. 17–27
The authors previously proposed a framework for institutional BL adoption (Graham, Woodfield, & Harrison, 2012), identifying three stages: (a) awareness/exploration, (b) adoption/early implementation, and (c) mature implementation/growth. The...
Language: English
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Case 2: Blending Face-to-Face and Distance Learners in a Synchronous Class: Instructor and Learner Experiences
P Clint Rogers; Charles R. Graham; Rus Rasmussen; J Olin Campbell; Donna M. Ure
Quarterly Review of Distance Education Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) pp. 245–51
Examines the development of a class at Brigham Young University (Utah) that blends distance and face-to-face students in a synchronous class. This case study focuses on how this blended learning environment was experienced by the distance and face...